Profiling a Slow Endpoint: Flame Graph to Fix, On-CPU vs Off-CPU
Learn to diagnose a slow monolith endpoint: scope the problem, use APM traces, pick on-CPU or wall-clock profiling, read flame graphs, and fix N+1 queries.
16 min read
Tag
backend
Nx Build Configurations for Environment Builds: A Backend Guide
Learn how Nx build configurations, project.json targets and fileReplacements work, and when backend services should use runtime config instead.
13 min read
Build a Bun.serve API with bun:sqlite and Zero Dependencies
Build a small REST API with Bun.serve and bun:sqlite: manual routing, prepared statements, validation, migrations, graceful shutdown and tests, no npm packages.
13 min read
Nx Custom Generator Tutorial: Scaffolding Consistent Backend APIs
Build an Nx custom generator that scaffolds backend services with config, health checks, error handling, tests and module boundary tags.
14 min read
NestJS Request Lifecycle: Guards, Interceptors, Pipes, Filters
Learn the exact order of the NestJS request lifecycle, what context each layer sees, and how to pick middleware, guards, interceptors, pipes or filters.
13 min read
Server-Sent Events vs WebSockets for Backend Push Updates
Compare server-sent events vs websockets for real-time updates: wire protocols, SSE scaling, websocket load balancing, proxies, deploys, and when to pick each.
14 min read
Token Bucket vs Sliding Window: Choosing an API Rate Limiter
Compare token bucket, sliding window, fixed window and leaky bucket rate limiting: how each works, burst behaviour, memory cost and distributed pitfalls.
17 min read
Fastify Plugins and Encapsulation: How the Plugin Tree Works
Learn how Fastify plugins form a tree of encapsulated contexts, how hooks and decorators are scoped, when to use fastify-plugin, and how to structure apps.
17 min read
Monolith Performance: Find and Fix the Real Bottleneck First
Learn to baseline, trace and profile a slow monolith, fix N+1 queries and database hot paths, and choose a caching strategy before considering a rewrite.
18 min read
Express.js in Production: Structure, Error Handling and Security
How to run Express.js in production: separate the app from the server, layer the code, centralize error handling and set a helmet-based security baseline.
14 min read
Fastify vs Express: Choosing a Node.js Web Framework in Practice
Compare Fastify vs Express by architecture: request lifecycle, schema validation, plugins vs Express middleware, error handling, cost and migration.
14 min read
Bun Backend Development: What It Is and When to Use It
Learn how the Bun runtime works, how bun vs node compares on the backend, and how to adopt Bun step by step: tooling first, then the runtime.
13 min read